Math 4580: Lecture Notes

Section 21392
Fall 2023
Max Kutler

These notes are the basis for our Math 4580 lectures. There may be material discussed in class which is not included in these notes, and vice versa.



Lecture 1: Intro, set theory review

Lecture 2: More review of set theory and functions; equivalence relations

Lecture 3: Equivalence relations and partitions

Lecture 4: Induction, well-ordering, division algorithm

Lecture 5: Greatest common divisors, Euclidean algorithm, primes

Lecture 6: Binary operations

Lecture 7: Examples of groups

Lecture 8: More examples, basic properties of groups

Lecture 9: Subgroups

Lecture 10: Cyclic subgroups

Lecture 11: Cyclic groups

Lecture 12: Classification of cyclic groups, the order of ak

Lecture 13: Subgroups of cyclic groups

Lecture 14: Symmetric groups

Lecture 15: Cycle notation

Lecture 16: Transpositions, even and odd permutations, dihedral groups

Lecture 17: Relations in Dn

Lecture 18: Generators and relations

Lecture 19: Proof that the sign of a permutation is well-defined

Lecture 20: Alternating groups

Lecture 21: Cosets

Lecture 22: Lagrange's theorem

Lecture 23: Homomorphisms and isomorphisms

Lecture 24: More about homomorphisms

Lecture 25: Structural properties

Lecture 26: Cayley's theorem, direct products

Lecture 27: Products of cyclic groups

Lecture 28: External vs. internal direct products, normal subgroups

Lecture 29: Normal subgroups, coset multiplication

Lecture 30: Quotient groups

Lecture 31: Kernels

Lecture 32: First Isomorphism Theorem

Lecture 33: Simple groups

Lecture 34: Rings, zero divisors and units

Lecture 35: Cancellation, integral divisors, division rings, fields

Lecture 36: Subrings, ring homomorphisms

Lecture 37: Ideals, the characteristic of a ring

Lecture 38: Coset multiplication, quotient rings

Lecture 39: First isomorphism theorem for rings